HAM-Esperanto, -------- AMATURA_ESPERANTO, ------- HAM-Eo, BackUp English
all Nowns end in O (add "n" for direct objects, and "+" for plurals),
all Pronouns end in I and are 2 letters only,
all Adjectives end in A,
all Verbs end in S -(past =IS, present =AS, future =OS),
if infinitive verb, ends in I,
if command verb, ends in U,
all Adverbs end in E,
all numbers end in Z (unz, duz, triz..., 2012 = duz,nulz,unz,duz )
( Mi vidas duz granda katon+. = I SEE 2 BIG CATS.)
SIMPLE VERB: _i ___AS _____a ___on.
( Ni deziras paroli kun vi. = WE WANT TO_TALK WITH YOU.)
COMPLEX VERB: _i _____AS ____I .. ...
------------------------- Lernu Numero+ -------------------------
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 10
unz, duz, triz, kvaz, vinz, siz, sepz, okz, nawz, nulz, dekz
(AND DO TREES CAUSE WINDS) (SEE SHARP AXE, NOW NAIL DECK.)
Povo = POWER Punkto = POINT, or dot
(Povo_Punkto = POWER_POINT)
Diameter = 3.14 = triz__PUNKTO__unz-kvaz
Lightspeed = 1.86 x 10**5 = unz__PUNKTO__okz-siz, KUN dekz__POVO__vinz
Nano-tech = 10** -9 = dekz__POVO__nea-nawz
------------------------- Lernu Vorto+ -------------------------
Mi = Me /I Kio = what tio = that
Vi = You Kii = who/which tii = that_one
Li = He Kie = where tie = there
Si = She Kia = what_kind tia = that_kind
Ji = it Kiam = when tiam= then
Ni = We Kiel = how tiel= by_way
Zi = They Kial = why tial= because
Oi = a_Person Kiia = whose tiia= his/their
Aduon = good-bye hirawe = yesterday
atenton = attention hodawe = today
bonvenon = welcome morgawe = tomorrow
dankon = thank-you dekstre = to right
prejon = please/prayer proksime= near
Saluton = hello supre = up
Ku = ? norde = northward
sed = but sude = southward
kaw = and oriente = eastward
aw = or vezde = westward
bela = beautiful deziras = want
bona = good dormas = sleep
felica = happy estas = is, be
forta = strong haltas = stop
grava = important havas = have
nova = new iras = go
vera = true laboras = work
varma = warm manjas = eat
sana = healthy parolas = speak
mal- = opposite pensas = think
alia = other vidas = see
akvo = water al = to, ant = before
amiko = friend cir = around, ce = at
besto = animal de = of, dum = during
Dio = God sur = on, eks = out
domo = house sup = above, el = from
fayro = fire for = off, int = between
familio = family en = in, jis = until
homo = man per = by, kun = with
loko = location por = for, pos = after
nomo = name sub = below, sen = without
mondo = world tru = through, pir = about
tempo = time
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Lerun Ideo+ -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
all Nowns end in O -(add + for plurals, same as Z) (add N to object_of_verb,
all Pronouns end in I and only 2 letters long,
all Adjectives end in A,
all Adverbs end in E,
all Numbers end in Z, (nulz, unz, duz, triz: 2011 = yaro: duz,nulz,unz,unz)
all Verbs end in S -(past=IS, present=AS, future=OS),
infinite verbs change ending to I, command verbs change ending to U.
all names of people and pets end in *, Barack_Obama* (person)
all cities and countries end in ~, Paris~ (place)
all document_names, companies, organizations, end in ^, NASA^ (thing)
all planet_names, star_names, space_bodies, end in #, Mars# (space_body)
------------------------- Lernu Uzi ---------------------------
Some words ask questions OR answer questions:
(QUESTION) (Answer) (every--) (no--) (any--)
==========================================================
How = Kiel, tiel, ciel, neniel, iel =(any way)
Why = Kial, tial, cial, nenial, ial =(any reason)
When = Kiam, tiam, ciam, neniam, iam =(any time)
Where= Kie, tie, cie, nenie, ie =(any where)
What = Kio, tio, cio, nenio, io =(any thing)
Who = Kii, tii, cii, nenii, ii =(any one)
Hello - Saluton ("N" is added because all greetings are direct-objects)
Bye - Aduon
Thanks - Dankon
Welcome- Bonvenon
------------------------ HERE ARE SOME NOUNS ---------------------------
akvo - water (aquatic)
amiko - friend (amicable)
arbo - tree
besto - animal
bildo - picture
dokumento - document
domo - house (domestic)
flanko - side
ilo - tool
ido - child
kapo - head (capital)
komputilo - computer
loko - place
mashino - machine
mebl'aro - furniture
mondo - world (mundane)
mono - money
nutrajo - food
pano - bread (pantry)
patro - father (paternal)
ero - piece
homo - person
sterko - manure, shit
tempo - time (temporary)
tero - earth, land
urbo - town (urban)
vesto - cloths
vorto - word
ilo = tool, ( tranch'ilo= cut-tool , knife )
ido = offspring, ( hund'ido = dog-offspring, puppy )
ino = female, ( patr'ino = female-parent, mother)
ajo = thing, ( rich'ajo = rich-thing , wealth)
aro = group, ( arb'aro = tree-group , forest)
eyo = place, ( prej'eyo = pray-place , church)
ero = part, ( mon'ero = money-part , coin )
----------------- HERE ARE SOME ADJECTIVES. Prefix "MAL" indicates opposite.
alta - high (altitude)
bela - beautiful (belle)
bona - good (bonus)
forta - strong
felica - happy (felicity)
granda - big
inteligenta- inteligent
interesa - interesting
kelka - some, few
malbona - bad
malgranda - small
malnova - old
mallonga - short
multa - much, many (multiply)
malrapida - slow
malvarma - cold
nova - new (novelty)
plata - flat
rapida - fast, quick, rapid
simpla - simple
sana - healthy
tuta - all, every (total)
varma - warm
vera - true (veritable)
------------------------------ USING WORDS TOGETHER ---------------------
fast computer = rapida komputilo;
strong man = forta homo.
la rapida automobilo;
granda domo;
interesa dokumento;
malgranda mondo;
simpla vorto+ (Note: "+" is pronounced as "Z")
E-maila faylo.
-------------------------------- VERBS FOR ACTION ----------------------
Verbs (words which mostly describe actions) are particularly easy
compared with most languages. The infinitive is indicated by the
ending "I" -- as in vidi (to see), pensi (to think).
The present tense is indicated by the ending "as". For example:
vidas (see or sees);
pensas (think or thinks);
fermas (close or closes);
La besto dormas. (The animal sleeps.);
Mi mortas la faylon. (I delete/kill the file.)
----------------------------- HERE ARE SOME VERBS ----------------------
deziras - love
malfermas - open (aperture)
bezonas - need
dankas - thank
detruas - destroy
demandas - ask, question
dormas - sleep (dormant)
estas - be
fermas - shut, close
haltas - stop
havas - have
interesas - interest
igas - make
ijas - become
iras - go
kunigas - connect
komprenas - understand
kreas - create
ludas - play (ludo)
manjas - eat
mortas - kill
okazas - happen
parolas - talk (parley)
pensas - think (pensive)
povas - be able
regardas - look
respondas - answer
ricevas - get
sendas - send
uzas - use
vidas - see (visible)
vivas - live (revive)
---------------------------- USING MORE WORDS TOGETHER ---------------------
La nutrajo estas bona. (The food is good),
La infano demandas la patrinon. (The child questions the mother),
La pomo+ estas granda. (The apples are large),
Chavalo estas besto. (A horse is an animal),
Chavalo+ estas besto+. (Horses are animals),
La granda besto rapid'iras en la arbaro. (The big beast runs in the forest),
La E-maila softvaro readis la faylon el disko. (The E-mail software did
read the file from disk)
--------------------------- ADVERBS ADD INTEREST --------------------------
Adjectives can be changed into adverbs by replacing that final
letter 'a" with the letter "e", as in rapide (rapidly),
simple (easily), vere (truely) and bele (beautifully).
Now add some adverbs to adjectives or verbs:
vere simpla (truly easy),
paroli felice (to speak happily),
La hundo+ regardas rapide. (the dogs search quickly).
ci'tie (here),
tre (very),
ankawe (also).
Conjunctions are words used for joining ideas.
kaw (and),
aw (or ),
sed (but).
----------------------------- SOME WORDS OF OTHER TYPES -------------------
al - to
ankawe - also
ant - before
aw - or
tial - because
ce - at
ci'tie - here
ci'tio - this
de - from
duz - two
dum - during
en - in
jis - until
hirawe - yesterday
hodawe - today
int - between
yes - yes
kaw - and
ol - than
ke - that, [conj.]
kial - why
kiam - when
kie - where
kiel - how
kio - what
kii - who
kun - with
la - the
malple - (with an adjective or adverb) less
morgawe - tomorrow
ne - not (when placed before verb)
nune - now
sole - only
per - [by means of]
ple (with an adjective or adverb) - more
pley - most
por - for
pos - after
pre - concerning, about
proksime - near
se - if
sed - but
sen - without
sub - under
sur - on
tiam - then
tie - there
tio - that
tre - very
tro - too
triz- three
unz - one
supre - up
malsupre - down
proksime - near
malproksime - far
dekstre - right
maldekstre - left
norde - north
sude - south
oriente - east
vezde - west
mezuro kaw formo = size and shape
kawzo kaw rezulto = cause and effect
spaco kaw tempo = space and time
----------------------------- YOU, ME and THEY ---------------------------
mi - I, me;
vi - you (one person);
li - he, him;
si - she, her;
ji - it;
ni - we, us;
vi - you (several people);
zi - they, them.
mem - self:
mem_mi = myself; mem_li = himself; men_zi = themselves; mem_ji = itself;
To form the possessive pronoun, add the letter "A",
mia = my; via = your; lia = his; sia = her; jia = its; nia = our;
------------ Now we understand enough to write some better sentences:----
Ni kreas la robota softvaron por readi, pensi, kaw skribi.
Mi vidas bela shipon sur la akvo.
Via besto estas tre granda.
Li rapide iris al la rivero.
Vi povas ricevi nutrajon en la urbo.
Mi komprenas nune, kaw mi vidas ke HAM_Esperanto estas vere simpla.
----------------------------- GAINING FLUENCY-----------------------------
Li iris kun mi.
granda domo,
bona pomo+
rapida besto;
bela domo+,
bela hom'ino,
inteligenta komputilo.
Ni komprenas ke la Internet^ estas tre-uzebla sistemo.
Mia amiko iris al nia domo.
La tablo estas en la domo.
La akvo estas varma nune.
Tio ne estas bona.
La mondo bezonas facila vort'aron. (= word-group de HAM_Eo).
Duz homo+ sidas sur la muro. (2 men sit on the wall).